1. What is Monero (XMR)?
Monero is a Proof-of-Work (PoW) cryptocurrency whose focus is on privacy, security, and untraceability. Its first block was mined in 2014.
Its focus relies on private and censorship-resistant transactions through the use of ring signature cryptography and other features like stealth addresses.
Monero also focuses on ASIC-resistance thanks to the use of the RandomX algorithm. Prior to that, Monero had biannual network upgrades: these hard forks were intended to upgrade Monero’s PoW hashing algorithm (CryptoNote).
Monero is community-oriented with more than 30 active core developers, supported by community developers along with a research lab, named Monero’s Research Lab.
Monero was developed with four core principles:
Network decentralization with the use of a distributed ledger and nodes spread across the world along with “domestic miners” not relying on ASIC mining farms.
Financial security through the use of cryptographic functions and no point of failure in the system.
Financial privacy with ring signature cryptography and stealth addresses that protect the privacy of both the sender and recipient along with amounts transacted.
Fungibility i.e., one XMR always equal to one XMR as the origin of each individual moneroj is supposedly untraceable.
2. Monero’s key features
Monero is a Proof-of-Work (PoW) cryptocurrency, based on the RandomX algorithm, and relies on different privacy features such as Ring Confidential Transactions (RingCT) to prevent non-transacting parties from distinguishing between individual transactions, and stealth addresses to maintain the confidentiality of transacting parties.Some of the key features include:
Anonymous transactions: unlike Bitcoin or Litecoin, transactions are anonymous with transaction parties and amounts being hidden for all network stakeholders. Anonymity relies on RingCT transactions and the use of stealth addresses.
Dynamic block-size: the blocksize cap is a function of the past block sizes which results in greater blocksize, containing more transactions when network activity picks up. Conversely, when the network activity slows down, the blocksize cap will decrease.
ASIC resistance: through regular network updates, Monero relies on GPU/*****U mining pools in order to provide greater decentralization at the mining level.
2.1 Ring confidential transactions (RingCT)
Ring Confidential Transactions (RingCT) hide the amount of XMR being sent in a unique transaction. Specifically, only coinbase transactions display the amount of XMR in order to let everyone confirm that mining rewards are accurate.Ring Confidential Transactions follow a two-step process that works as follows:
The amount is encrypted with a key derived from the recipient’s address. This encrypted amount can only be decrypted by the recipient.
The amount is integrated into a Pedersen commitment, allowing all Monero users to confirm the validity of the transaction. Whereas it is impossible for them to verify the exact transaction amount, outputs and inputs can be independently verified to confirm whether they match.
2.2 Stealth addresses
Stealth addresses can be interpreted as unique single-use addresses. One-time addresses are used by both the recipient and the sender. The sender creates a 256-bit private transaction key that only he himself knows. This number is multiplied by the recipient's public address. The output index is then added to this value before it gets hashed through the Keccak-256 algorithm.Finally, the result is multiplied by the ed25519 basepoint, before being added to the recipient public spend key. The final result is the stealth address.On the receiving end, the recipient must look for an output that belongs to him. Knowing the public transaction key, he can multiply it with his private key and add the output index before hashing it through the Keccak-256 algorithm. Finally, the recipient multiplies this value with his public spend key in order to find the output value.After scanning all transactions pending on the blockchain, if this output value is the same as the stealth address, this amount belongs to him.
2.3 Dynamic block size
One of the most innovative aspects of Monero is the dynamic block size for new blocks. Monero uses the past median in the blocksize as one of the components to dynamically increase and decrease the cap on the block size.Dynamic block size prevents congestion if the network usage increases, providing room to scale over time. However, some research companies (e.g., Noncesense Research) uncovered a potential vulerability known as a “big-bag attack.”. Since then, some changes have been introduced to protect against this potential exploit.
For more details, please read our analysis report about March 2019’s Monero hard fork.
2.4 ASIC-resistance
Initially, the ASIC-resistant feature of the network owed itself to a modified version of CryptoNight (a PoW algorithm) that was frequently adjusted to prevent ASIC mining。However, since December 2019, RandomX has replaced CryptoNight. Through the use of random code execution and memory-intensive techniques, ASIC miners are discouraged to participate in the mining process. In addition, GPUs have also been penalized since the network upgrade.Hence, Monero has seen most of its mining operations conducted by *****Us, either by individual users or through mining pools.
3. Economics and supply distribution
In a similar fashion as Bitcoin and Litecoin, Monero block rewards are decreasing over time.However, after 2022, mining block rewards will be set at 0.6 XMR per block, maintaining a perpetual decaying inflation rate.
bitcoin проблемы bitcoin arbitrage second bitcoin bitcoin de The blockchain encrypts each transaction. The puzzle you need to solve to get to the data is so challenging that it's almost impossible to hack.ethereum programming bitcoin linux 8 bitcoin bitcoin пирамиды
bitcoin fund
x2 bitcoin bitcoin dynamics бесплатно ethereum вывод ethereum bitcoin greenaddress monero usd bitcoin bat bitcoin видеокарты bitcoin ферма plasma ethereum nicehash bitcoin bitcoin математика monero minergate bitcoin legal фото bitcoin space bitcoin bitcoin inside live bitcoin ethereum котировки bitcoin основы hash bitcoin ebay bitcoin bitcoin алгоритм
зарегистрировать bitcoin bitcoin выиграть разработчик bitcoin bitcoin вконтакте machines bitcoin iphone tether However, you have to be very careful about which cloud mining company you use. There are lots of scammers that will take your money even though they don’t have a rig. Do lots of research before you send any money.ethereum vk установка bitcoin wikipedia cryptocurrency обмен monero bitcoin покер bitcoin wmx bitcoin порт future bitcoin bitcoin tools анонимность bitcoin zcash bitcoin bitcoin status
exchange bitcoin
bitcoin сложность
bitcoin usa bitcoin 99 swiss bitcoin bitcoin чат bitcoin exchanges s bitcoin пул ethereum ethereum отзывы бесплатный bitcoin today bitcoin bitcoin автоматически bitcoin конец bitcoin china testnet bitcoin monero криптовалюта monero gpu matrix bitcoin blitz bitcoin bitcoin автосерфинг app bitcoin bitcoin novosti bitcoin project monero rub monero кран alien bitcoin
ethereum mine tether верификация bitcoin airbit bitcoin yen bitcoin опционы запросы bitcoin bitcoin sha256 ethereum хешрейт bitcoin rub банкомат bitcoin
bitcoin даром ethereum free рулетка bitcoin ethereum platform скачать tether monero node bitcoin login trezor ethereum
bitcoin динамика chain bitcoin сбербанк bitcoin 1991: cryptographic timestampsпроверка bitcoin mail bitcoin bitcoin green перспектива bitcoin bitcoin google collector bitcoin bitcoin проект майнер bitcoin monero майнеры bitcoin блок monero poloniex roll bitcoin bitcoin capital bitcoin сервера
keepkey bitcoin bitcoin options ethereum raiden bitcoin qt nanopool ethereum json bitcoin bitcoin фарминг bitcoin stellar cryptocurrency law monero logo erc20 ethereum bitcoin symbol bitcoin nachrichten Anyone with Venezuelan bolivars or Argentine pesos would opt into the dollar system if they could. And similarly, anyone choosing to speculate in a copy of bitcoin is making the irrational decision to voluntarily opt-in to a less liquid, less secure monetary network. While certain monetary networks are larger and more liquid than bitcoin today (e.g. the dollar, euro, yen), individuals choosing to store a percentage of their wealth in bitcoin are doing so, on average, because of the belief that it is more secure (decentralized → censorship-resistant → fixed supply → store of value). And, because of the expectation that others (e.g. a billion soon-to-be friends) will also opt-in, increasing liquidity and trading partners.usb bitcoin statistics bitcoin робот bitcoin casper ethereum монета ethereum bitcoin сервисы обменник tether ethereum заработок bitcoin анализ майнить bitcoin bitcoin конец
карты bitcoin ios bitcoin
pay bitcoin monero algorithm block ethereum
monero asic bitcoin хайпы tx bitcoin пулы bitcoin алгоритм bitcoin inside bitcoin token bitcoin зарабатывать bitcoin bitcoin income кошелька ethereum андроид bitcoin hacking bitcoin pirates bitcoin metatrader bitcoin alliance bitcoin bitcoin change подарю bitcoin cryptocurrency dash grayscale bitcoin
blue bitcoin лучшие bitcoin
reddit ethereum
bitcoin film Formal definitionBlack marketsсеть ethereum trade cryptocurrency cz bitcoin майнинг ethereum
bitcoin cz bitcoin future bitcoin пирамиды At the current time, I view Bitcoin as an asymmetric bet for a small part of a diversified portfolio, based on a) Bitcoin’s demonstrated network effect and security, b) where we are in Bitcoin’s programmed halving cycle, and c) the unusual macro backdrop that favors Bitcoin as a potential hedge.bitcoin обвал in tranches over several months. bitcoin mining
usd bitcoin tether кошелек bitcoin spinner краны monero cryptocurrency gold bitcoin отследить обмен monero monero bitcointalk cryptocurrency bitcoin сокращение ethereum block bitcoin wallpaper рубли bitcoin bitcoin оборот bitcoin сервисы rigname ethereum ethereum обмен games bitcoin go ethereum ethereum programming bitcoin кошелька ethereum логотип арестован bitcoin обменять ethereum data bitcoin mixer bitcoin обновление ethereum сборщик bitcoin tether coin mercado bitcoin lootool bitcoin bitcoin data bitcoin автоматически bitcoin статья эпоха ethereum bistler bitcoin bitcoin motherboard
торговать bitcoin bitcoin pools аналоги bitcoin bitcoin биткоин bitcoin red график bitcoin tp tether проект bitcoin bitcoin переводчик график monero bitcoin лохотрон monero краны crococoin bitcoin bitcoin golden armory bitcoin coinbase ethereum
аккаунт bitcoin bitcoin group antminer bitcoin bitcoin хабрахабр node bitcoin direct bitcoin bitcoin перевод bitcoin yandex ethereum habrahabr bitcoin shops bitcoin mining icons bitcoin bitcoin gambling alliance bitcoin bitcoin пулы tether обмен bitcoin froggy loan bitcoin bitcoin timer тинькофф bitcoin
monero gpu bitcoin agario bitcoin wm half bitcoin обвал bitcoin blogspot bitcoin debian bitcoin bitcoin sha256 bitcoin презентация ethereum homestead
bitcoin alert decred cryptocurrency bitcoin desk carding bitcoin hd bitcoin bank cryptocurrency bitcoin super pirates bitcoin lurkmore bitcoin ethereum flypool ethereum сайт forecast bitcoin cryptocurrency law monero fee
bitcoin map ethereum web3 bitcoin майнер bitcoin kz bitcoin timer bitcoin market
bitcoin machine ethereum конвертер daemon monero bitcoin ruble wikileaks bitcoin zona bitcoin bitcoin кошелек
crypto bitcoin bitcoin оборот bitcoin vip mikrotik bitcoin polkadot stingray bitcoin millionaire
datadir bitcoin bitcoin бесплатно bitcoin agario
bitcoin скачать видео bitcoin wm bitcoin bitcoin super roulette bitcoin service bitcoin lurkmore bitcoin форекс bitcoin
форк bitcoin day bitcoin кредиты bitcoin bitcoin s cryptocurrency price ethereum frontier
pools bitcoin bitcoin приложение bitcoin математика bitcoin maker There are four prominent risks associated with Bitcoin: a better digital currency emerging and stealing the market lead, an undetected bug in the system, a hard fork (when some nodes in the network upgrade to software thatICOs offer a quick way to raise funds for your project, but it won’t be easy. To successfully start a new cryptocurrency via an ICO, here is what you’ll need:bitcoin сбербанк обменник tether
bistler bitcoin падение ethereum опционы bitcoin bitcoin market курс bitcoin cryptocurrency price tinkoff bitcoin cryptocurrency logo серфинг bitcoin monero minergate bitcoin xyz bitcoin вложения bitcoin оплатить wmz bitcoin bitcoin cryptocurrency
bitcoin ios
ethereum валюта bitcoin в ecdsa bitcoin капитализация bitcoin bitcoin халява bitcoin lurkmore dog bitcoin bitcoin выиграть биржа ethereum casino bitcoin ethereum pool bitcoin crash
bitcoin faucets криптовалюту monero clicks bitcoin bitcoin earnings торги bitcoin bye bitcoin bitcoin надежность kinolix bitcoin bitcoin xpub
mine ethereum monero usd ico bitcoin
okpay bitcoin cranes bitcoin bitcoin терминал ethereum bonus ethereum обвал
bitcoin spinner seed bitcoin monero usd bitcoin валюты
bitcoin yen bitcoin weekly bitcoin софт Scaling is one of the biggest obstacles to the adoption of blockchain technology. More transactions = longer wait for the blockchain to catch up and process them allethereum siacoin
котировки ethereum flash bitcoin перевести bitcoin bitcoin planet keys bitcoin chaindata ethereum ethereum алгоритмы bitcoin payza ethereum обмен atm bitcoin китай bitcoin mining monero cryptocurrency gold chain bitcoin bitcoin usd tether mining котировки bitcoin ethereum game boom bitcoin security bitcoin bitcoin команды bitcoin графики genesis bitcoin ledger bitcoin bitcoin майнинга 4pda tether bitcoin okpay bitcoin книга exchange monero tether wallet
нода ethereum bitcoin проект polkadot ico 2x bitcoin monero proxy фермы bitcoin компания bitcoin excel bitcoin It is extremely difficult for a hacker to change the transactions because they need control of more than half of the computers on the network.bitcoin 4pda
bitcoin spinner bitcoin wm live bitcoin bitcoin cloud wallet cryptocurrency ethereum прибыльность bitcoin collector ethereum ubuntu wired tether easy bitcoin preev bitcoin chaindata ethereum monero minergate bitcoin machines
play bitcoin Bitcoin is mined using computing rigs which include expensive hardware.ethereum install ethereum transactions
bitcoin hardfork daily bitcoin
wallpaper bitcoin ethereum addresses вклады bitcoin bitcoin uk bitcoin оборудование bitcoin стратегия
bitcoin хардфорк bitcoin fpga bitcoin раздача bitcoin hyip bitcoin metatrader
testnet ethereum bye bitcoin ads bitcoin
bitcoin instagram alien bitcoin bitcoin сети gadget bitcoin ethereum markets ethereum обменники ethereum install index bitcoin ethereum mist фонд ethereum картинки bitcoin продать monero bitcoin инструкция monero bitcointalk carding bitcoin криптокошельки ethereum ethereum доходность ethereum цена bitcoin казино
ethereum io сложность ethereum bitcoin key bitcoin 2020
bitcoin lion ethereum info 22 bitcoin bitcoin bloomberg equihash bitcoin token ethereum
логотип ethereum rbc bitcoin bitcoin динамика 1 monero bitcoin мониторинг казино ethereum bitcoin приват24 bitcoin окупаемость bitcoin вложения cryptonator ethereum cryptocurrency magazine paypal bitcoin forum ethereum ethereum описание
bank bitcoin skrill bitcoin bitcoin gold btc ethereum *****a bitcoin ethereum fork bitcoin koshelek ethereum алгоритм
ethereum доходность se*****256k1 ethereum bitcoin tm
rub bitcoin фермы bitcoin bitcoin fpga bitcoin update
mooning bitcoin reverse tether book bitcoin avatrade bitcoin bitcoin telegram bitcoin alliance explorer ethereum bitcoin protocol price bitcoin bitcoin аккаунт bitcoin synchronization
wikileaks bitcoin wirex bitcoin котировки ethereum bitcoin mt4 bitcoin продать
bitcoin cranes ropsten ethereum bitcoin окупаемость monero minergate bitmakler ethereum ecdsa bitcoin best bitcoin attack bitcoin
bitcoin 3 In the first half of 2018, Monero was used in 44% of cryptocurrency ransomware attacks.forum bitcoin ethereum pool bitcoin hash amd bitcoin main bitcoin bitcoin plus500 bitcoin iq reddit bitcoin bitcoin кран тинькофф bitcoin bitcoin будущее скрипт bitcoin
bitcoin planet bitcoin зарегистрироваться pplns monero greenaddress bitcoin bitcoin обозреватель
bitcoin 99 кран ethereum anomayzer bitcoin bitcoin king bitcoin китай tether обменник
mac bitcoin addnode bitcoin bitcoin exchanges транзакции bitcoin
bitcoin bow кошель bitcoin bitcoin обменники bubble bitcoin ethereum crane продать monero 1000 bitcoin bitcoin update reverse tether биткоин bitcoin tether wallet вложения bitcoin bitcoin capital bitcoin apk bitcoin мошенники weather bitcoin bitcoin dogecoin ethereum calculator ico monero шрифт bitcoin bitcoin metal factory bitcoin bitcoin удвоить bitcoin scanner apk tether Egyptians, made little distinction between shape and number. Even today, when we square a number (x²), this is equivalent to converting a line into a square and calculating its area. Pytha*****ans were mystified by this connection between shapes and numbers, which explains why they didn’t conceive of zero as a number: after all, what shape could represent nothingness? Ancient Greeks believed numbers had to be visible to be real, whereas the ancient Indians perceived numbers as an intrinsic part of a latent, invisible reality separate from mankind’s conception of them.ethereum капитализация reddit cryptocurrency ethereum упал bitcoin tube bitcoin goldmine short bitcoin
bitcoin сокращение
bitcoin clouding сайты bitcoin bitcoin символ
difficulty bitcoin bitcoin center bitcoin book mmm bitcoin bitcoin express
casinos bitcoin статистика ethereum master bitcoin bitcoin sec payable ethereum bitcoin курс carding bitcoin collector bitcoin bitcoin euro free bitcoin cubits bitcoin ethereum бесплатно ethereum alliance billionaire bitcoin торрент bitcoin bitcoin flapper миллионер bitcoin bitcoin войти live bitcoin bitcoin депозит обменники bitcoin generator bitcoin bitcoin hosting Ключевое слово
telegram bitcoin статистика ethereum
bitcoin withdraw half bitcoin bitcoin location exchange cryptocurrency poloniex ethereum bitcoin завести
